Heat olive oil in a pot over medium heat. Add onions, carrots, celery, garlic, and a pinch of salt. Cook until onions start to brown and celery softens, 5-8 minutes.
Add minced tempeh and mushrooms and another pinch of salt. Cook 2 minutes, stirring constantly.
Add wine (or balsamic vinegar and water) to deglaze the pan. Stir constantly for 1 minute, scraping the bottom of the pot for any stuck pieces. Add a splash of water if needed.
Add tomato paste and stir constantly for 1 minute or until the color darkens. Add a splash of water if the bottom starts to stick.
Add tomatoes. If using whole tomatoes, add ½ cup of water and crush the tomatoes with your stirring spoon.
Add remaining water, lentils, bay leaf, thyme, oregano, and soy sauce. Cover and simmer for 30 minutes. Stir occasionally to prevent burning on the bottom.
Adjust seasonings to taste, adding more salt, pepper, or sugar as desired.